In this work firstly Magnesium Hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and aluminum Hydroxide (Al(OH)3) were prepared using sono-chemical reaction at solvent of water without applying any surface active agent. Effect of various sono-chemistry parameters such as power, cycles, time and volume on the size and shape of nanostructures were investigated. Secondly Nanoparticles were modified and coated by ethyl cellulose capping agent. Modified Nanoparticles were added to cellulose acetate and surface of wood for investigation of flame retardancy. Thermal stability were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Flame retardancy were examined by UL-94 and heat release tests.

In this research, sedimentation of Magnesium Hydroxide with high purity by Tachyhydrite was tested. For this aim Tachyhydrite solution and calcium Hydroxide solution were mixed. This reaction involves the evolution of pH. At the end of experiment the slurry was filtered and washed with water and dried at 100oC. In order to increase filtration rate of Mg (OH)2 an agglomeration system by an anionic polyelectrolyte was applied. The product was then characterized by a complexometric titration to find the total calcium and Magnesium content of sediment. Purity of Magnesium Hydroxide is important because of its use in preparation of Magnesium oxide. Magnesium oxid should be high pure because it is used in production of refractories.

Urge incontinence (UI) is the most common clinical types of urinary incontinence in elderly women. In neurolohically normal patients, detrusor instability (DI) is a common cause of UI. Treatment of this condition is primarily pharmacologic (Anticholinergics, Calcium antagonists), with surgical options being reserved for selected patients. In an experimental double- blined placebo- controlled study the symptoms, micturation variables and cystometry results were compared before and after of treatment. Twelve of 30 (40%) in drug group (D) considered themselves improved and 60% unchanged. Of the 30 women in the placebo group(P) only 16.7% considered themselves improved, a statistically significant response in favor of the drug group(p=0.001). Micturation variables were statistically changed in favor of Magnesium Hydroxide. In drug group, number of nocturnal episodes changed from 1.8 to 1.3 times per daytime, frequency changed from 12.4 to 10.4 and daytime incontinence changed from 3.2 to 2.3 times. In placebo group these changes is not significant (P=0.096). Among drug and placebo groups changes in detrusor pressure rise and first sensation volume before and after treatment is statistically significant but other parameters showed no statistically significant differences in any category. In conclusion Magnesium Hydroxide was more effective than placebo but note that this improvement was much more apparent on subjective assessment than on objective evaluation of cystometric and micturation data.

Background: The permeability feature of conventional calcium Hydroxide (CH) and Nanoparticle CH (NCH) was compared to show the desired effects of this new material and in case of confirmation of its other properties; CH can be used as a safe alternative. Materials and Methods: This in vitro was carried out in two phases: First phase: measurement and comparison of the permeability rate of conventional CH and NCH in the dentinal tubules employing a fluorescence microscope were carried out. Second phase: measurement and comparison of the permeability rate of NCH and conventional CH in L929 fibroblast cells using a fluorescence microscope were carried out. Kruskal– Wallis analysis was used for overall comparisons. A series of Mann– Whitney U tests were used for pair‑ wise comparisons (P < 0. 05). Results: Based on the results of Kruskal– Wallis test, in all three regions of the cervical third, middle third, and apical third of the root, mean values of the percentage difference of the fluorescence and color change in NCH were more than the conventional CH, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0. 001). the percentage of fluorescence color change in drug with the concentration of 1 g/cc was more than the one with the concentration of 0. 1 g/cc and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0. 001). Conclusion: The Nanoparticle drug compared with the conventional drug has a more penetration depth in all regions of the root of the dentinal tubules.